Li-CO2 batteries to be used in space missions

Dec 17: India’s planetary missions like the Mars Mission may soon be able to reduce payload mass and launch costs with the help of an indigenously developed Metal- CO₂ battery with CO₂ as an Energy Carrier.

Chandra Shekhar Sharma, Associate Professor from Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad and a recipient of this year’s SwarnaJayanti fellowship instituted by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, will be working to develop Scientific Understanding and Technical Development of Metal- CO₂ battery with CO₂ as an Energy Carrier for India’s Mars Mission.

Prof Sharma recently demonstrated the technical feasibility of a Lithium- CO2 battery in a simulated Mars atmosphere for the first time. This study was published in the journal Elsevier’s Materials Letters, and an Indian patent has been filed for it. As a part of the Swarna Jayanti Fellowship, he aims to develop a working prototype of Metal (M)-CO₂ battery technology and explore the feasibility of this technology in the Mars mission, particularly for the surface landers and rovers by using the CO₂ gas which is abundantly available in its atmosphere. The development of Metal-CO₂ batteries will provide highly specific energy density with the reduction in mass and volume, which will reduce payload mass and launch cost of planetary missions.

Another parallel aspect of this research is to develop Metal-CO₂ battery technology also as a promising clean strategy for restraining the climate effects of CO₂ emissions. Metal-CO₂ batteries have a great potential to offer significantly high energy density than the currently used Li-ion batteries and provide a useful solution to fix CO₂ emissions, which is better than energy-intensive traditional CO₂ fixation methods.